The survey link was also distributed via a national counselor education listserv, and it was shared on the authors social media platforms. Coping Strategies PERMA-Profiler https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434, Hazan Liran, B., & Miller, P. (2019). of this manuscript. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), S120S138. Well-being scores across all PERMA elements, including physical health, were lower than those reported retrospectively prior to the pandemic. With that in mind, it is important to detect individuals at risk of developing depressive symptoms early and identify protective factors. In general, problem-focused coping strategies, also known as adaptive coping strategies, include planning, active coping, positive reframing, acceptance, and humor (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010). The Brief COPE is a multidimensional inventory used to assess the different ways in which people generally respond to stressful situations. P = Positive Emotion, A negative relationship was found between the self-confident approach, seeking social support and the students anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus Anxiety Workbook. 2011;81: 101107: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01077.x Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00306, Carver, C. S. (1997). Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. Cut through misinformation by relying on reputable sources like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization. It is this balance of positive and negative emotions that contributes to life satisfaction (Diener & Larsen, 1993), and our findings support the notion that fostering particular positive psychological states (PsyCap), as well as engaging in related coping strategies, promotes well-being in the context of this large-scale crisis. Wang X, Hegde S, Son C, Keller B, Smith A, Sasangohar F. J Med Internet Res. Your classmates, friends or family members may be disobeying the rules about physical distancing or doing other things that add to your stress. Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Am J Orthopsychiatry. The U.S. A non-empirical research design was adopted for this study. The scoping review aimed to, Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. An official website of the United States government. Support expected during the pandemic: Type and source. Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. Accessibility Social distancing regulations were enforced in an attempt to halt virus spread. Madhyastha, S., Latha, K. S., & Kamath, A. Mental Health Status and Coping among Portuguese Higher Education Students in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. We examined whether the COVID-19 context shaped the efficacy of particular strategies to promote well-being. 405415). Ask your supervisor for help. Fig 2. Now is my chance to help others. Or consider trying a new activity that you havent tried before. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526, Carmona-Halty, M., Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2019). Int J Environ Res Public Health. Indeed, the emerging literature paints a bleak picture of college students experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress, coping and gender differences in third year medical students. Exercise regularly. Gallagher RP. Get up, go to bed and do your work at the same time every day. (1988). Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(1), 310. Soothing the nervous system, by taking care of the body, can help to bring us back to a healthier place. Even something as simple as turning on your webcam during virtual classes can help you and others feel more connected. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(2), 191199. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. These are potential areas of practice for college counselors and counselors serving university students. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):429-439. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13020032. If you notice that you are feeling upset or more irritable, take a break from watching, reading, or listening to news stories, including social media. Whether its an internship, dissertation defense or graduation ceremony, important events may not happen this year. Fig 1. The coping strategy of positive reframing (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 6. University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian Point-biserial correlation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships of demographic variables, PsyCap, and coping strategies with change in PERMA scores. Resilience, the ability to recover from setbacks when pathways are blocked (Masten, 2001), had a predictive role on positive emotion and accomplishment in this study. Adaptive coping strategies were also conducive to well-being. Brief COPE Questionnaire However, after COVID-19, self-efficacy did not present as a predictor of well-being in this study. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 5165. WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127152. Foremost among these is that data were collected using self-report measures, and in the case of the PERMA-Profiler, data were collected using the retrospective recall of participants as they considered their well-being prior to the onset of COVID-19. Coping with this stress may help you. Mediation models were carried out with bootstrapping procedure with a 95% confidence interval. By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 61(3), 131142. The site is secure. Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensionsresilience and hope. 8600 Rockville Pike The current study investigated the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) with university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the relationships between PsyCap (F. Luthans et al., 2007), coping strategies, and well-being of university students. There was however an interesting shift in the predictive role of PsyCap dimensions before and after the onset of COVID-19. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students' daily functioning. Psychological capital and well-being. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Many things can impact this including our physical health. iGen: Why todays super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happyand completely unprepared for adulthoodand what that means for the rest of us. Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing. Research Question 1 The five pillars of well-being are defined and measured separately but are correlated constructs that together are considered to result in flourishing (Seligman, 2011). Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. Mental health priorities: Stigma elimination and community advocacy in college settings. Your classmates have probably scattered. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431111107810, DeWitz, S. J., Woolsey, M. L., & Walsh, W. B. (2020, April 14). Christine Suniti Bhat, PhD, LPC, LSC (OH), is a professor and the interim director of the George E. Hill Center for Counseling & Research at Ohio University. When news of Covid-19 first started circulating, no one believed it would still be impacting our lives today. From the Great Depression to 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, victims of these life-shattering events have had to deal with their present circumstances and were also left with worries about how life and society would be inexorably altered in the future. Current Psychology. The PCQ-12 utilizes a 6-point Likert scale with response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that PsyCap predicted well-being, and structural equation modeling demonstrated the mediating role of coping strategies between PsyCap and well-being. 2021 Apr;30(2):194-201. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1922636. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.227. If youre a psychology graduate student on a clinical track, youre probably helping patients manage the same anxieties youre facing yourself. 2022 Nov 1;19(21):14282. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114282. FOIA Clarifying the relation of acculturative stress and anxiety/depressive symptoms: The role of anxiety sensitivity among Hispanic college students. and transmitted securely. One of the distinguishing characteristics of PsyCap is its malleability and openness to change and development (Avey, Reichard et al., 2011; F. Luthans et al., 2006). Cohen, J. Specifically, the study addresses coping strategies and psychological capital (PsyCap; F. Luthans et al., 2007) and how they relate to levels of well-being. B. Worries about sickness, finances, and isolation, coping with grief from loss, and having less outside help have made parenting more stressful. Both courses trained students to respond to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives incidents. Although the reason for this result is uncertain, it is conceivable that attending to an uncertain future (i.e., hope) and recovering from immediate losses (i.e., resilience) became more salient, and ones self-efficacy in managing normal, everyday challenges receded in importance. Most educational institutions made sure that instruction was uninterrupted at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.08.008. A similar application was applied to learning English specifically for midwifery students on Flores Island during the covid-19 pandemic. These include approaches to building positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2009); coping strategies, which were found in this study to boost well-being (Jardin et al., 2018; Lyubomirsky, 2008); and effective goal pursuits (F. Luthans & Youssef-Morgan, 2017). The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental health crisis. Among adaptive coping strategies, active coping, positive reframing, and using emotional support mediated the relationship between optimism and overall well-being. Field, A. View 3 excerpts, references results and background, View 2 excerpts, references results and background, International journal of environmental research and public health. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Experts are projecting increases in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicide in the United States (Wan, 2020). Data Analysis Procedure Health Psychology Review, 13(2), 137162. This study is qualitative research with a case The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282294. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. (2014). (Eds.). Students stressed out due to coronavirus, new survey finds. The coping strategy of behavioral disengagement (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 7. It is important to remember that not everything being said about COVID-19 is accurate. (1993). Over the past decade, PsyCap has been applied to university student development and mental health. Cleveland, Copyright 2023 National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates. Try to get in at least one physical activity each day. Coping strategies that predicted change in PERMA were used for mediation analysis. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2011.609844, Luthans, F., Avey, J. Correlation analyses (see Table 1) revealed significant and positive correlations between four PsyCap HERO dimensions (i.e., hope, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism; Avey, Avolio et al., 2011) and the six PERMA elements (i.e., positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, and physical health; Butler & Kern, 2016). Journal of College Student Development, 50(1), 1934. However, during the pandemic, the covariance of the PsyCap dimensions with well-being increased to 39% (R2 = .39, p < .01). If so, please share them using this form. Youth can Chronicle of Higher Education. Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(2). Karen. For the present study, reliability scores were high for four pillarspositive emotion ( = .88), relationships ( = .83), meaning ( = .89), accomplishment ( = .82); high for the subscales of negative emotion ( = .73) and physical health ( = .85); and moderate for the pillar of engagement ( = .65). Crown. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6, Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. It was found that nursing students have negative coping methods, such as not being able to manage time well due to constraints at home and spending too much time on the phone, internet, and computer. The predictive role of resilience on positive emotion, accomplishment, negative emotion, and loneliness also became significant during COVID-19. A brief questionnaire was used to capture participant information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 877891. Increased rates of mental health service utilization by U.S. college students: 10-year population-level trends (20072017). The 14 subscales may be broadly classified into two types of responsesadaptive and problematic (Carver, 1997, p. 98). The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in The connection between our physical body and our mental health is important and may be something worth exploring when thinking about staying mentally healthy. All of these changes may have influenced students health 2021. J Ment Health. Flourishing (or well-being) is defined as a dynamic optimal state of psychosocial functioning that arises from functioning well across multiple psychosocial domains (Butler & Kern, 2016, p. 2). Eat well. 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.054 to the adversity. PsyCaps positive psychological resources (HERO dimensions) may enable students to have a positive appraisal of circumstances (F. Luthans et al., 2007, p. 550) by providing mechanisms for reframing and reinterpreting potentially negative or neutral situations. (2015). The measure demonstrates acceptable reliability, cross-time stability, and evidence for convergent and divergent validity (Butler & Kern, 2016). Sci Prog. Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Students use of self-blame (mean) and sources of expected support during the COVID-19, MeSH All rights reserved. To conclude, the present findings contribute to existing literature on PsyCap and well-being, using the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) among university students in the United States in the context of COVID-19. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Students use of religious coping (mean) and sources of expected support during the, Fig 8. Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). The aim of the current study was to examine the relationships among well-being in university students before and during the onset of COVID-19 with PsyCap and coping strategies. Connection and disconnection as predictors of mental health and wellbeing. Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected. A., Shensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Barrett, E. L., Sidani, J. E, Colditz, J. Finally, the moderate Cronbachs alpha reliability scores of < .70 (Field, 2013) for the subscales of the Brief COPE inventory and the engagement subscale of the PERMA-Profiler are of concern, which has also been expressed by prior researchers (Goodman et al., 2018; Iasiello et al., 2017). A further consideration is that the PERMA model of well-being (Seligman, 2011) may not be associated with similar outcomes for people of other cultures and backgrounds during COVID-19. Structural equation modeling was used to examine whether coping strategies mediate PsyCaps effect on well-being. Penguin Press. Look for tasks you can postpone or simply eliminate from your to-do list. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20593, Tansey, T. N., Smedema, S., Umucu, E., Iwanaga, K., Wu, J.-R., Cardoso, E. D. S., & Strauser, D. (2018). International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 148. There are a number of research-based approaches offered in the field of positive psychology to guide mental health professionals to facilitate development of PsyCap and other important well-being correlates. Front. Visit your App store or the Houseparty Appwebsite. You made the JV team in 10th grade, later played in college, and still think of Callahan every time you succeed at work. 10.1007/s12144-020-01304-z A single overall flourishing score provides a global indication of well-being, and at the same time, the domain-specific PERMA scores provide meaningful and practical benefits with regard to the possibility of targeted interventions. As a result, they had to adopt different coping strategies to overcome the predicament that they were trapped in. In this study, we explored these questions with a sample of graduate and Psychological Capital Questionnaire Short Version (PCQ-12) PMC doi: 10.2196/22817. Be sure to address your own concerns separately so you can focus on patients during sessions. 2023 Feb 3;20(3):2752. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032752. Flourishing: The PERMA Well-Being Model 2023 Feb 8;20(4):2988. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042988. Joseph, S., & Linley, P. A. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. Optimism had a significant indirect effect on change in well-being compared to hope and resilience (see Table 3). Studies show that all five pillars of well-being in the PERMA model are associated with better academic outcomes in students, such as improved college life adjustment, achievement, and overall life satisfaction (Butler & Kern, 2016; DeWitz et al., 2009; Tansey et al., 2018). Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. This study aims to describe the perception of midwifery students about the use of LMS in English learning activities. Baj-Korpak J, Zaworski K, Szymczuk E, Shpakou A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Predicting PERMA Elements From Psychological Capital Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. Make sure to validate their emotions, letting them know their feelings and frustrations are understandable. Future researchers examining well-being in university students in different regions of the country or internationally may wish to further investigate the applicability of the PERMA model as a measure of university students well-being during the pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1916, Primack, B. Support expected during the pandemic:. Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. -, Beiter R, Nash R, McCrady M, Rhoades D, Linscomb M, Clarahan M, et al.. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321332. The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. Stress Health, 31(3), 180188. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000175, Johnson, R. (2020). Demographic Questionnaire Distanced learning. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. The impact of business school students psychological capital on academic performance. The impact of COVID-19 on student equity and inclusion: Supporting vulnerable students during school closures and school re-openings 19 November 2020 Abstract A holistic approach to education that addresses students learning, social and emotional needs is crucial, especially in times of crisis. Internalizing and Externalizing Disorder Levels among Adolescents: Data from Poland. (2018). The prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of college students. Alsolais A, Alquwez N, Alotaibi KA, Alqarni AS, Almalki M, Alsolami F, Almazan J, Cruz JP. https://news.gallup.com/poll/249098/americans-stress-worry-anger-intensified-2018.aspx. Multivariate multiple regression was carried out to understand the predictive role of PsyCap on PERMA at two time points (before and during COVID-19).
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