ivanm@ucr.edu, 1Introduction "Once the top of the tree is damaged severely, it will drop and it cannot recover," Hoddle said. To protect against infestation, palms should be sprayed with chemical insecticides (clorpirifos 48%, imidacloprid) or nematodes (or a combination of the two) as a preventative measure. Adult weevils are strong fliers and would appear in flight as one of the larger beetles to occur in California urban landscapes. Monitoring for Red Palm Weevil Populations in California:In response to the RPW collection in Laguna Beach, state and federal survey crews deployed pheromone baited traps. Nematodes are deposited on palms in very close proximity to oviposition wounds females make when laying eggs. mark.hoddle@ucr.edu, Supervisory Project Scientist The moths are tan with a wing expanse of about 2 inches. Photo by James Hanson The adults feed at random on bark and then drop to the ground to overwinter. Host plant resistance can reduce the ability of Red Palm Weevil to damage palms because the weevil is unable to effectively exploit these hosts. . KPBS:Invasive Insect Threaens San Diego County's Palm Trees (C)Adult SAPW next to a US quarter (top) and a US penny (bottom). CISR/Mark Hoddle:Overview of the Red Palm Weevil, Article provided by:Nick Nisson,Donald Hodel, andMark S. Hoddle. From trimming and pruning, to tree removal, to disease and pest control - you will always get outstanding service and exceptional treatment. SAPW cannot reproduce on these fruit. A Real Alien Invasion Is Coming to a Palm Tree Near You. Riverside, CA 92521, Vibrational Mating Calls of the Blue-Green Sharpshooter, in Tijuana Baja California Mexico in 2010, San Ysidro in southern San Diego County in 2011. USDA Factsheet. Red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is also known as Asian palm weevil or Sago weevil. Properly fertilizing and maintaining palms may help keep this weevil at bay. (4) Appearance of chewed plant material (frass) at the externalentrances of feeding tunnels and a highly distinctive "fermented" odor. Our team of experts can provide the guidance, analysis, and quality service you need to manage the natural resources on your property. All transported material should be covered with a tarp and disposed of at a certified landfill that buries within 24 hours (or sooner) of dumping to reduce risks of spreading adult weevils into new areas either enroute to or around the disposal site. Then cut out the plant parts infested by larva with a sharp cutting tool. Adult weevils may acquire nematodes when feeding on infected palm material or nematodes may attach to the body surface of weevils. With jobs available throughout North America, Davey has an opportunity for you in the location you desire. Adult SAPW are strong fliers and have the potential to disperse naturally over long distances. This damage can be confused with feeding by rats. A small percentage of the adult population may have orange and black markings that are very similar to another notorious palm pest, the red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. The weevils have a long, slender rostrum or snout which the female uses to penetrate palm tissue and create access wounds in which eggs are deposited. Trunk injection of IMA-jet (Imidacloprid) will give both preventative and curative control providing there has not been extensive feeding damage to the palm. In just a few short years, the insect has infected 19 different species of Florida palm trees with lethal bronzing disease and lethal yellowing disease. Survey responses help southern California scientists collect data on this new pest and document it's affects on local palms. They are about 6mm . How to control red palm weevil involves using systemic insecticides through trunk injections or soil applications. The eggs dont damage the plants, nor do the weevil adults. This color morph can be easily confused with the red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Chipping will kill larvae, pupae, and adults. The cocoons are located within the damaged tissue of the palm. There are no reports of established populations of R. palmarum in Arizona and Texas or palm mortality caused by this weevil. Larvae may pass through 3-7 instarsorstages thatmay last for about two months before the pupal stage is reached. (2012) Detection of South American palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) in Texas. However, neither approach is recommended for homeowners. 2016. However, in combination they can be powerful in attracting weevils to traps. It is not necessary to remove the entire palm trunk. The Red Palm Weevils collected in Laguna Beach have displayed a distinct red striped coloration which consists of the dorsal surfaces appearing uniformly dark brown to black, with a single, contrasting redstripe running the length of the pronotum. When it comes to treating the palmetto weevil, most of the times, the affected tree has to be cut down. Agrio, our mobile application, is a pocket agronomist that allows agriculture professionals, farmers, and gardeners to increase crop yeilds and solve plant protection problems. 900 University Ave Department of Entomology, Palm trees are great additions to your landscape, adding curb appeal and some greenery to regions of the country that can accommodate these tropical/subtropical plants. Farm2Ranch:Scientist work to define threat from palm pest . "It can cost upwards of $400 to $500 per treatment for the first palm, and then sometimes only $100 to $200 per palm after that if you have multiple palms on a site," he said. (C)Injecting a systemic pesticide into a palm trunk. Google Earth imagery (satellite photos taken 22 March 2016) near the eastern Willow Street Bonita Road entrance to the park clearly show dead Canary Islands date palms that may have been killed byR. palmarum. Saddleback Caterpillar Feeding on the underside of the palm leaves, Saddleback Caterpillar chews large holes in the foliage. [2] Some of the plants most susceptible to red palm weevil include: Early red palm weevil damage can be hard to spot. Agriculture and Natural Resources - University of California - UC Cooperative Extension | Agricultural Experiment Station This was the first record of this pest in the USA. Some crop protection products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. The size and colour of adult weevils greatly varies. (5) Empty pupal cases and the bodies of dead adult RPW in and around heavily infested palms, and (6) breakingof the trunk, ortopplingof the palm crown. They are considered the most destructive pest of palms in plantations worldwideincluding for coconut palms, date palms and oil palms. Movement of live ornamental palms out of infested areas should be avoided to reduce the chances of unintended weevil introductions into new areas. Infokus, 89.3 KPCC:California's Palm Trees Under Attack Palms are ubiquitous in the California landscape and they give urban and beach areas a distinct appearance that is strongly thought of as being southern Californian. : The invasion of California by the South American palm weevil is underway. Palms in the advanced stages of attack and mortality have a flattened top, and as the remaining halo of fronds that ring the top of the trunk dry down, the palm looks like a giant brown umbrella or mushroom. University of California, Riverside With more than 13 million palms, Egypt's date production amounts to over 1 million tons per year. Control of red palm weevil in the Algarve overview Pesticide pumps and sprayers Chemical control; Page updated February 28, 2014 Despite a lot of effort, I've been unable to get really reliable information on best practice for pesticide application for prevention of red palm weevil , Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier. If meristematic tissue is destroyed, it results in the "crown" of the palm dying and this inability to produce new fronds gradually leads to palm death. Immature nematodes can apparently infest weevil larvae and remain in an immature stage until larvae pupate. All Rights Reserved. Males can be separated from females by the presence of a beard or comb of hairs (i.e., setae) on the dorsal (i.e., top) side of the rostrum. Developing a pesticide treatment program should be made in consultation with a professional arborist, and two or more applications per year may be needed in infested areas to protect palms from weevil attack. December 1996 for the control of the date palm red weevil, stem borer and grubs by entomopathogenic nematodes in the Arabian Peninsula. Red palm weevil have several development stages: egg, 3 to 7 larval stages, pupa and adult. Control Options:Suppression of Red Palm Weevil infestations can be attempted in several ways. Any stress factors such as drought, excessive moisture, cold damage, lightning strikes, fire and nutrient deficiencies can cause palms to be at risk. Individually, some specimens can be treated with surgery, eliminating the affected areas and respecting the flower so that the palm tree can sprout again. Talk to our team of industry leaders to learn how we've provided solutions to other utilities with similar challenges and goals. New biological pesticide can kill deadly palm-eating beetle, startup says Israel's PlantArcBio says it has developed a pesticide with '100% efficacy' to fight the deadly red palm weevil that. The palm weevil is a large, black beetle with a long snout. This pest can be reared in the laboratory on sugar cane, and a variety of artificial diets. Pheromone Traps for the Management of Red Palm Weevil ICAR Research Complex Pheromone collections and controls consisted of four treatments: (1) a sterilized mesh container only, (2) four male weevils on a food source (either sugarcane or oil palm hearts, used separately in case one stimulated pheromone production), (3) four female weevils on a food source and (4) the food source used in 2 and 3 without weevils. Ornamental palm tree sales are estimated at $70 million per year in California, and $127 million in Florida. In this instance, aggregation pheromones are loaded into bucket traps along with palm material and granular insecticides. Frass accumulating at points of injury or at the base of offshoots may also appear in infested trees. Tree Service Experts Since 1880. It consists of intravascular injections of chemical products into the trunk of the palm trees. (B) Transportation of live palms may inadvertently move SAPW long distances in relatively short time periods. It also works as a preventive strategy. Biological control targeting SAPW withB. rhynchophoraeat the very early stages of the invasion in California could potentially reduce weevil populations. Oceania: Papua New Guinea, Samoa, and the Solomon Islands. Director of the Center for Invasive Species Research Non Native Invasive Species California - where? Adult weevils are strong fliers and can fly up to 900m (~900 yards) at a time and they can move up to 7 km (~4.3 miles) in 3-5 days. Heres what you should know about palm weevils, the damage they can cause, as well as treatment solutions. (B)The exposed crown after the window was cut. Therefore, care must be taken in reporting additional palm species as hosts of the red palm weevil as other factors such as diseases and or mechan-ical damage can lead to symptoms that resemble red palm weevil damage. Good sanitation practices are needed to prevent Red Palm Weevil spreading from infested palms. To find out more please see the Florida First Detector scripted presentation on palm weevils, or look at the Featured Creatures on the giant palmetto weevil from the University of Florida. Weevil larvae become parasitized with nematodes and uninfected adults can acquire nematodes when they come into contact with nematode infested palms. Adult weevils are attracted to traps loaded with commercially-available aggregation pheromone and baited with fermenting fruit. The California fan palm,Washingtonia filifera, which is native to southern California and western Arizona, and the European fan palm,Chamaerops humilis, appear to be resistant to Red Palm Weevil infestations. This should be arranged with a professional tree removal service company. Bech, R. (2011) Detection of South American palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) in California. Daveys grounds maintenance crew is on-site weekly at the Hard Rock Casino, ensuring the frequently populated green space maintains its curb appeal. In Tijuana, many single dead palms were found along roadsides and occasionally multiple dead palms would be observed in parks or around schools. The South American Palm Weevil is a species of snout beetle that has killed hundreds of Canary Island Date Palms, in San Diego, since it was first detected in March, 2016. The best recourse is to cut down infested palms and destroy them before adults emerge from the tree. Six individual different terpe. ABC7 News:SoCal's Palm Trees Threatened by South American Weevil Personal Website, 900 University Ave. cide treatment programs are implemented or restrictions on the movement of host plant materials are established. Davey Resource Group used gray and green infrastructures to solve stormwater issues at the Graduate Conference Center in Ohio. Heavily infested palms will drop fronds the bases of which may be heavily tunneled indicating larval feeding and pupation activity. (A)Soil injecting a systemic pesticide. Weevil populations likely established in or around San Ysidro in 2014 or earlier. The South American Palm Weevil Invasion in San Diego County, California, College of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, Drone surveillance of Canary Islands date palms killed by SAPW in the Sweetwater Reserve, Bonita California. As the infestation progresses, symptoms become more noticeable. (D)SAPW adult exhibiting uncharacteristic orange and black markings. Regarding the field longevity of Hook RPW, . College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences. Dr. Daniel Herms, Vice President of Research & Development at Davey, shares recent climate change data and projections. Another problem South American palm weevil can cause is red ring disease since this pest vectors a nematode that transmits the disease. Lifecycle of the red palm weevil Red palm weevil attack young trees through the trunk and more established trees through the crown. This is a lethal pest of palms which can attack about 17 varieties of palm trees. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. If weevils are captured at this distance from the palms of concern it likely indicates that weevil activity is close and steps should be promptly considered and implemented for protecting those palms. Usually the only thing you can do is to get rid of the infected palm before the adult weevil emerge. The South American palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) is one of the most invasive pests in California. The South American Palm Weevil is a non-native pest that has begun to infest and destroy Canary Island date palms in San Diego County. Nematodes dont develop inside weevils. Ohara. Preventive treatments with systemic insecticides may help; however curative treatments once symptoms are noticed are not effective. The South American palm weevil a new threat to palms in California and the Southwest. CISR/Dr. Red Palm Weevils make California gardeners See red, Red Palm Weevil spotted in Southern California, alarming palm tree growers and scientist, Surveillance and Early Detection of Red Palm Weevil, Red Palm Weevil, Trap and Lure Technical Information, Biology and Management of Red Palm Weevil in Saudi Arabia, Advances in the Management of the Red Palm Weevil in Spain, Occurrence and Damage of Red Palm Weevil in China, Biology and Management of the Red Palm Weevil: India, Establishment of National Date Palm Research Center, Pheromone Traps for the Management of Red Palm Weevil, Crews Deal with Discovery of Destructive Weevil in Orange County, Pest Threatens Southern California's Iconic Palm Trees, Time for a 'Bug Mac'? Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (RPW), is the most . DRG helps utilities such as PHI and BGE enroll and stay compliant in programs like the Monarch CCAA that put environmental conservation at the forefront of ROW vegetation management. These initial detections were in San Ysidro in San Diego County, about 2.5 miles from the USA Mexico border. Classical biological control is the intentional introduction of a natural enemy (e.g., parasitoid, predator, or pathogen) of an invasive pest with the goal of reducing pest populations to less damaging levels in the invaded area. Place these pheromones in a container together with insecticide to kill the weevils. El-Lissy, O. CBS 8 NewsInvasive Weevil: Tiny insect poses huge threat to San Diego palm trees The adult emerges from the cocoon after about 20 days and sets to mating and laying more eggs. Download the flyer from Aguilar Plant Care here. Life Cycle:To lay eggs, females use their long beak, or rostrum, to chew a hole into palm tissue. Many types of palm trees are susceptible to Palmetto Weevil including: Canary Island Date, Bismarkia, Sabal, Coconut, Washingtonia, Latan, Royal, Phoenix dactylifera, Fan and Florida Thatch. The life cycle from egg to adult is approximately 84 days which results in long feeding periods. Adult weevils have been recorded feeding on ripe fruit of non-palm hosts, including avocados (Persea americana), pineapple (Ananas comosus), custard apple (Annona reticulata), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), papaya (Carica papaya), citrus (Citrusspp. This would be especially beneficial shortly after the passage of severe . Adult weevils are large, black in color, and about 1.5 inches in length. Its first appearance in San Diego has been recorded as early as 2010 when it is believed to have crossed borders from Mexico. When you want to remove weevils on sago palms, the first thing to do is to remove the dead parts of the tree. The best way to treat large palms for weevils is injection. Corky's Pest Control has developed an innovative treatment to prevent weevils from attacking expensive palm trees like the Canary Island Date Palm. Neither the stressed palm odors or the weevil aggregation pheromone are very effective on their own. KMIR News :Invasive Bug Killing Palms Found in Valley Davey provides comprehensive landscaping, grounds management, andtree care services on commercial properties across North America. Traps are not 100% efficient in capturing weevils. Distribution:The Red Palm Weevil is native to Southeast Asia and is known from the following regions: Economic Damage:Red Palm Weevil is widely considered to be the most damaging insect pest of palms in the world. Unemerged adult weevils, pre-pupal larvae, and pupae may be found if dropped cocoons collected from the ground are opened. Insecticidal treatment of trees infested with the palmetto weevil is difficult, owing to problems with detecting a weevil infestation before lethal damage is done to the crown. SAPW is spreading through urban areas in southern California and Canary Islands date palms appear to be a highly preferred host which are very susceptible to attack. Original image by Alejandro Santillana & Connor French. Eggs: After 48 hr of treatment the egg shell was completely Visual Surveys for Rhynchophorus palmarum in Tijuana. Pheromones are airborne chemicals that elicit behavioral or physiological responses in insects. Unfortunately, no methods of biological control currently exist to control this pest. Adult white pine weevil and adjacent puncture wounds. Some people say the red palm weevil is the worlds most damaging pest to palms. SAPW is an invasive pest in California. As prominent features in your landscape that add value as they grow healthy, the last thing you want is for your palm to suffer, looking wilted and worn out instead of green and vibrant. Pheromone traps make it possible to detect very low density pest populations that would otherwise be almost impossible to find. This method is only effective if applied preventively. Farm Advisor:Palmageddon: The Invasion of California by the South American Palm Weevil Females can lay 58-531 eggs whichhatch in about 1-6 days. CBS Los Angeles:Tiny Bug Looking to Take Out the Statuesque Palm Tree Palms most susceptible to South American palm beetle infestation include: Palms infested with South American palm weevil show some telltale signs. The South American palm weevil and red ring nematode (should it establish in California) have the potential to cause significant damage to native and non-native palms in California. The distribution of traps was as follows: (1) Alameda County 20 traps; (2) Imperial County 150 traps; (3) Los Angeles County 73 traps; (4) Orange County 200 traps; (5) Riverside County 210 traps; (6) San Bernardino County 25 traps; (7) San Diego County 200 traps; (8) Santa Barbara County 20 traps; (9) Santa Clara County 30 traps; (10) Santa Cruz County 10 traps; (11) Sonoma County 10 traps; (12) Ventura County 50 traps. The South American palm weevil a new threat to palms in California and the Southwest. Palm weevil larvae (PWL) is an excellent source of amino acids, fatty acids, vitamin B12, and minerals such as zinc, iron, potassium, and phosphorus [12, 13]. Just a . The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a lethal pest of date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L, and several other palm species worldwide. Citrus Drive Riverside, CA 92521, tel: (951) 827-4714 email: mark.hoddle@ucr.edu, CNAS Dean's Office Nematodes may reside inside tracheal sacs, part of the weevils tube-like breathing system, from where they can move to the ovipositor (i.e., egg laying tube) of female weevils. Females lack these setae and the top of the rostrum is smooth. Rahalker et al. Systemic pesticides applied as crown drenches can cure heavily infested palms allowing meristematic tissue to recover and new frond production results. Phoemyc is considered the best insecticide for red palm weevil. A similar situation for SAPW-RRN may eventually develop in California. Red Palm Weevil Notes Dan Gerling The equipment is costly, but so precise and clean. Most individuals in the Mediterranean area are about 30 mm long, with females 10 to 15% larger than males. Heavy larval infestations in this region can result in crown collapse and palm mortality. Red Ring Nematode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus. A palm that is completely overrun may have no hope of survival, and will need to be removed, and destroyed, entirely. 10Red Ring Nematode Middle East: Bahrain, Georgia Palestine, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The insect is attracted mostly to damaged or stressed trees. In some instances the top of the palm may drop to the ground because it becomes detached from the top of the trunk because internal feeding by larvae is so severe. By continuing to use this site, you accept our use of cookies. Consequently, there are two different color types or color morphs for RPW, adults that are predominantly reddish in color, and the others that are dark with a red streak, like the Laguna Beach specimens. Weevil larvae hatch from eggs and consume meristematic tissue. The common name, red ring nematode, comes from reddish lesions that form in infested stems and trunks. If the entire trunk is affected, you cannot save the tree. The tunnels larvae form as they feed fill with frass (excrement and chewed fibers that have a highly distincitve odor) and plant sap. In the lab, colonies of adult weevils can be maintained for 2-3 months on a mixed diet of cut apples and bananas (with the skin left on), and split sugar cane. Traps were monitored over 2011-2013 until Federal funding for the monitoring program expired. If successful, the treatment would also prevent migration of the weevils toward the Coachella Valley, home to a $100 million date palm industry and only 93 miles from current infestations. Palm weevil treatment involves a combination of control methods including removal of infected wood, applying insecticides, and trapping the adults. For example, the Sweetwater Regional Park in Bonita San Diego County, has hundreds of naturalized Canary Islands date palms growing in wash areas near the Western Staging Area (intersection of Bonita Road and Lynwood Drive). 2017. This damage provides entry for nematodes into palms and immature nematodes mature and reproduce inside palms. In Saudi Arabia in 2022 . Photos byDonald Hodel,John Kabashima, Christina HoddleandMike Lewis, Nick Nisson,County Entomologist, Agricultural Commissioner's Office, Orange County Chipping, burning, and burying infested material deeply can reduce the likelihood that Red Palm Weevil will emerge and escape from infested palms. We also offer care, nourishment, and tree preservation treatment to safeguard palm trees from such infestation in the future. From wetlands and streams to stormwater management and tree inventories, we offer turn-key solutions for clients nationwide. Female weevils use their rostrum or snout (this is the long nose on the head of the weevil) to drill holes into palm material. How to control red palm weevil involves using systemic insecticides through trunk injections or soil applications. These visual surveys have confirmed the presence ofR. ferrugineusat the original collection site. The entire life cycle, egg to adult, can take 45 to 139 days. Biology and Management of the Red Palm Weevil: India J.R. Faleiro It is when the weevils are in the larva stage that palm weevil damage occurs. Please visit the USDA Pest Alert and contact the USDA if you find a suspected invasive palm weevil at 888-397-1517. 900 University Ave The weevil larvae spend their entire four-month life cycle within the palm tree's trunk, hollowing it out from the inside until the tree dies. The cocoons of weevils on sago palms are usually located inside the trunk of a leaf stalk. A female can lay 250-300 eggs in her lifetime on cut or wounded palm-tree tissue. The cabbage palm caterpillar, cabbage palm worm, or palmetto borer, Litoprosopus futilis, is a sometimes a serious pest in Florida where cabbage palm flowers supply nectar that bees use to make cabbage palm honey. Red palm weevil treatment: endotherapy. Spongy Moth, formerly known as Gypsy Moth. Adult Red Palm Weevil emerge from cocoons, and females can lay eggs for around 8 to 10 weeks. 900 University Ave In this way, adult boll weevils are captured. These flies have a distribution that includes parts of the known range of SAPW (i.e., South America and the Caribbean.) Weevils were later captured in monitoring traps inSan Ysidro in southern San Diego County in 2011(~ 5 miles north of Tijuana). By Andrew Porterfield The red palm weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is a common pest of palm trees in subtropical regions of the globe (and, for a brief time, in the United States ). CISR Blog:The South American Palm Weevil Invasion in San Diego County, California, 900 University Ave. Tree Pruning. Sign up for our newsletter. Contact your local environmental consulting team to find out how you can partner with Davey Resource Group on your next project. When you want to remove weevils on sago palms, the first thing to do is to remove the dead parts of the tree. Occasionally, pupal cases will drop from heavily infested palms and accumulations on the ground can be observed. 89.3 KPCC:Crews Deal with Discovery of Destructive Weevil in Orange County (B)SAPW life stages, from left to right, adult weevil, larva, cocoon, and pupa. Additionally, laboratory studies suggest thatRhynchophorusspecies of palm weevils have better survivorship when their environments are damp and humid. In the lab, flight mill studies indicate that male and female weevils are capable of flying over 15 miles a day or more if they chose to do so. Additional information and photos of RRN and red ring disease are available. Feeding larvae cause significant damage to the apical meristem and when severe, palm death can result. The enemy-release hypothesis is one explanation for explosive pest population growth and spread when an invasive organism establishes in a new area. It has been recorded attacking and reproducing on the following palm species: coconut (Cocos nucifera), African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), aa palm (Euterpe oleracea), coco de palmito(Euterpe edulis), sago palm(Metroxylon sagu), Canary Islands date palm (Phoenix canariensis), and edible date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). The pupa will molt one more time within the cocoon to reach the adult form which has wings and can fly. The weevils were subsequently identified asRhynchophorus ferrugineus, the Red Palm Weevil (RPW), by experts at the USDA-ARS Systematic Entomology Laboratory in Maryland. The larval stage lasts 1 to 3 weeks. Palm weevil description and treatment suggestions. Feeding in this region can lead to trunk collapse and palm death. The South American palm weevil is a type of beetle that first made its presence known in Southern California in 2011. The Situation:The South American palm weevil,Rhynchophorus palmarum(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), has a known distribution that includes Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Larvae feed within thesoft tissues of the meristem or leaf bases creating frass filled mines, enlarging and penetrating deep within the upper trunk areas as the larvae mature.
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