swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

note-for-note. The music business suffered during the Great Depression. African American big band arrangers such as Fletcher Henderson and Eddie Durham were major contributors to the success of white bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and Glen Miller. bWkwf>JW'wJj_]6/?NxP]-0_wg"2;WjbuY5sujr7g/sueG>trp~ZBV7]M(//m!o/f[^fb]x>f]aX?UnAW|ng)]s? (called a "chorus"). The major "black" bands of the 1930s included, apart from Ellington's, Hines's and Calloway's, those of Jimmie Lunceford, Chick Webb, and Count Basie. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. [30], Some big ensembles, like King Oliver's, played music that was half-arranged, half-improvised, often relying on head arrangements. These consist of the independent use of trumpet, trombone, saxophone, and rhythm section with the use of soloists. In the mid-1930s and early 1940s, [3] In the 1940s, Stan Kenton's band used up to five trumpets, five trombones (three tenor and two bass trombones), five saxophones (two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, one baritone saxophone), and a rhythm section. From the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band leaders in America. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_band&oldid=1142698476, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 22:19. In the early years of Jazz, and up until the Swing Era, the piano was still very much rooted in the rhythm section of the band. "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" - Duke Ellington & Ella Fitzgerald, It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing),, Kansas City was the swingingest sound in the world. here to see a YouTube clip on jazz improvisation). That makes them the shrimp or Andouille sausage in the Gumbo that is swing music. The swing era was the one time that jazz was a truly popular style. Count Basies music contains lively rhythms, economic piano style, and a relaxed swing sound. A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. introduction, the main theme, and four varied improvised choruses. Da Capo Reprint Paperback, 1973. intricate fast rhythms and tremendous Jimmy Rushing, Oklahoma City native and early member of the Blue Devils, set a style in blues and jazz that was imitated widely by others. interacts with the bass and drums, and how the beat is divided up in complex clarinetist, In the late 1940s, progressive Duke Ellington (18991974) proved that orchestrating jazz was an art of the highest level. He was also a band leader and arranger who traveled throughout Europe and Japan during the 1950s and 1960s. Fletcher Henderson (18971952) is credited with creating the pattern for swing arrangements. Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to this day. and ingenuity. Some large contemporary European jazz ensembles play mostly avant-garde jazz using the instrumentation of the big bands. virtuosity. Gloria Parker had a radio program on which she conducted the largest all-girl orchestra led by a female. The group emphasized correct technique and accurate playing and released its first recording in 1930. Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and _________________. Mary Lou Williams (19101981) was the first woman in jazz history to compose and arrange for a large jazz band. daring arrangements of classic jazz tunes. Whiteman was educated in classical music, and he called his new band's music symphonic jazz. Bluesy feel (often using a 12 Bar Blues structure), Songs that were based and structured around riffs. hmk6^/,$mA% A big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Ella Fitzgerald contributed to the success of Webbs band in New York City. Woody Herman's first band, nicknamed the First Herd, borrowed from progressive jazz, while the Second Herd emphasized the saxophone section of three tenors and one baritone. Charlie Parkers album South of the Border illustrated the influence of this genre on a bop artist, and the Tokyo Cuban Boys, an Afro-Cuban band dating from the postWorld War II years, exemplified the musics international appeal. 3. Ellington, Duke Kennedy. Improvisation: This can be best described as "composing and Swing was massively popular during the 1930s, so popular, in fact, that it was the pop music of its time. [19], It is useful to distinguish between the roles of composer, arranger and leader. [1], Duke Ellington led his band at the Cotton Club in Harlem. George GERSHWIN (1898-1937): Rhapsody Nostalgia for the Big Band style has kept it alive today. A big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. In the late 1990s, there was a swing revival in the U.S. Walter Page is often credited with developing the walking bass,[38] though earlier examples exist, such as Wellman Braud on Ellington's Washington Wabble from 1927. hundreds of different melodies. Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and. So the Swing Era was during the Depression and it acted as a kind of counter-statement or rebellion against the unemployment and misery that the Depression caused. 1920s as a blending of blues, ragtime, and civic brass band traditions, then this Beacon, 2002. So lets quickly take a look at all three genres: Lets dive into these characteristics of Swing Music a little deeper:
Swing as Popular Music 1. They had the Blue Devils. All the big bands would go up there. improvised solo structure on the choruses: (1) piano--Ellington), (2) jazz Hickman's arranger, Ferde Grof, wrote arrangements in which he divided the jazz orchestra into sections that combined in various ways. ", One of the most common forms used in jazz Three bypass valves over the tube can be used to lower the pitch of the trumpet. alto saxophone. trombone. performing at the same time." Blues tradition, then became popular with white listeners during the World War instruments (one or more: Piano, [20] Arrangers frequently notate all or most of the score of a given number, usually referred to as a "chart". - jukebox Which changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? Swing Shift: All Girl Bands of the 1940s. Two other musical characteristics of swing bands are a return to the use of a flat-four rhythm and the use of block chords (chords with many notes moving in parallel motion). They refuse to look for new ideas and new outlets, so they fall by the waysideIm going to try to find out the new ideas before the others do., I stole everything I ever heard, but mostly I stole from the horns.. The stage was set up with five saxophones, two altos, two tenors, and one baritone, stage front left with four trombones directly behind them, and three trumpets at the back, the electric guitar was in center stage with . [52], Schuller, Gunther. Only hotel-type bands such as that of Guy Lombardo and select jazz players such as Benny Goodman found consistent employment. Cubans Mario Bauz and Machito (Francisco Ral Gutirrez Grillo), founder of the Afro-Cubans; Puerto Rican Ernesto Antonio Tito Puente with Oye como va; and Afro-Cuban drummer Chano Pozo (Luciano Pozo Gonzlez), famous for playing with and influencing Dizzy Gillespies Manteca, were among the most prominent band leaders and musicians. Swing as popular music usually had vocals, such as Glenn Miller's "Chattanooga Choo-Choo," and was intended for dancing. [37] As jazz migrated from its New Orleans origin to Chicago and New York City, energetic, suggestive dances traveled with it. Please change your browser preferences to enable javascript, and reload this page. In the 1950s, a smooth style of "West Duke Ellingtons swing arrangements featured unusual timbres and capitalized on the unique style of each individual player, as illustrated in Echoes of Harlem (1936) and Take the A Train (1941). When the trumpets and saxophones are combined in a musical accompaniment, they can lead a vibrant and multi-toned swing melody. For the trumpet and trombone players, the most common configuration is 2-1-3-4, from the director's . The genre was gradually absorbed into mainstream pop rock and the jazz rock sector.[45]. These artists added new instrumentssuch as congas, other percussion instruments, timbales, maracas, and clavesand relied on powerful multi-rhythmic pulses to highlight jazz compositions within the big band as well as the small combo formats. These ensembles typically featured three or more accordions accompanied by piano, guitar, bass, cello, percussion, and marimba with vibes and were popularized by recording artists such as Charles Magnante,[10][11] Joe Biviano[12][13] and John Serry. $27.95. Carnegie Halls interactive Timeline of African American Music is dedicated to the loving memory of the late soprano and recitalist Jessye Norman. Apple Loops/REX/WAV. are described below. - The ANDREWS SISTERS: The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy attractive to general listeners. %PDF-1.5 % Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. At these venues, which themselves gained notoriety, bandleaders and arrangers played a greater role than they had before. The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of. His music was a combination of solo and ensemble playing. Whiteman increased the size of his band into nearly symphonic proportion. He created his band as a vehicle for his compositions. Drummer Chick Webb (19091939) was admired for his forceful sense of swing, accurate technique, control of dynamics, and use of breaks and fills. A distinctly new genre appeared in the late 1930s that to some degree bridged the differences between big band swing and bebop combos, and this was West Indian influenced music. The trumpet section included four trumpets; the first was responsible for the highest notes. characterized by independent instrumental lines, massive harmonic dissonance, featuring trumpeter Chet BAKER). Other research interests include African popular music and the use of oral history and photography in the study of culture. Arrangers notated specific notes for each instrument to play in every measure on a written score. sense means to merge styles together. Duke Ellington at one time used six trumpets. basic chord progression of a 12-bar blues in the key of "C". Swing bands featured a large ensemble of His famous recording Body and Soul, recorded in 1939, is known for its continuous smooth sound. [3] In the late 1930s, Shep Fields incorporated a solo accordion, temple blocks, piccolo and a viola into his Rippling Rhythm Orchestra. Ive listed someSwing Era Jazz musicians below. the following instruments: The In 1919, Paul Whiteman hired Grof to use similar techniques for his band. "C" Jam Blues (1942). KC Jazz is characterised by: And because KC Jazzsongs were riff based, they were often played from memory by the band (rather than from sheet music). Keyboards are the swing band equivalent of rice in Gumbo. The most basic element of a song is also one of the most important a good rhythm. Coleman Hawkins (19041969) was the first great saxophonist of jazz. In contrast to the typical jazz emphasis on improvisation, big bands relied on written compositions and arrangements. Check them out, though Im sure you would already recognise many of them. Stream Jazz" by combining a jazz combo with symphony orchestra. . Swing was hugely popular - in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930's. It was mostly performed by Big Bands, which were large orchestras divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section (which consisted of the drums, bass, guitar and piano). Big bands started as accompaniment for dancing. They established independent patterns for the trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and the rhythm section within segments of the arrangement that featured improvised solos. A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section.Big bands originated during the early 1910s and dominated jazz in the early 1940s when swing was most popular. Big bands generally have four sections: trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and a rhythm section of guitar, piano, double bass, and drums. With no market for small-group recordings (made worse by a Depression-era industry reluctant to take risks), musicians such as Louis Armstrong and Earl Hines led their own bands, while others, like Jelly Roll Morton and King Oliver, lapsed into obscurity. Music is My Mistress. The Dorsey Brothers started with a large-band version of Dixieland featuring singer Bob Crosby who later developed his own band. sprouted up in different parts of the United States, and their uniquely 1554 0 obj <> endobj Hawkins made his first recording with Fletcher Henderson and he would go on to perform throughout England and Europe. Company B, was popularized through records and film by The Andrews Sisters during World War Jazz Appreciation ICQ (In-Class Quiz) #6 Hearing The Difference: Bebop and Swing - know the three major aural differences between these two eras The Swing Era: The Players and The Features - know names of artists; lists of features-Societal features Jazz's most popular eradominated the mainstream of American popular music Purpose of music primarily for dancing Millions of records sold . jazz techniques into a more heavily-arranged "big-band" white swing You A drummer, bass player (string bass), piano player, and guitarist formed the rhythm section. (1937). Trumpets A prominent feature of swing music is a leading brass section, which is often provided by a trumpet. violin--Ray Nance), (3) trumpet--Rex Stewart, (4) tenor saxBen Webster, Since 1960, several newer types Modern big bands can be found playing all styles of jazz music. Since he could not read music, Webb memorized the arrangements. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
. ragtime is called the "12-bar blues." Louis Armstrong was the first to establish vocals as a part of an instrumental tradition. His efforts helped make it possible for jazz musicians to earn a decent wage. in Blue (1925). Along this historical journey, jazz has been harmony. art form--a unique blending of West African and Western European/American Rewrite each sentence following the instructions in parentheses. Ellington expanded Armstrong's small Critics and historians refer to these groups as ghost bands because of the absence of their leaders and new personnel. An Autobiography: John Hammond on Record with Irvin Townsend. A versatile instrument, the saxophone is swing musics version of the Holy Trinity (celery, bell peppers and onions) used in Gumbo. 20th-century popular music and culture. basic chord progression of a 12-bar blues in the key of "C": (click here to see animated The Big Bands of swing were only able to acquire one-night stand performances and consequently suffered financially. projected in the way the drums and bass express the beat, how the piano In the mid-1930s, he was the featured soloist in the Basie Orchestra. A prominent feature of swing music is a leading brass section, which is often provided by a trumpet. After the end of both bands, Basie formed his own orchestra, recruiting members from these two bands. And what better instrument to provide a bona fide rhythm for a swing band than a set of drums? New York in the late 1920s. [1][2] The division in early big bands, from the 1920s to 1930s, was typically two or three trumpets, one or two trombones, three or four saxophones, and a rhythm section of four instruments. The better jazz musicians of swing bands would form swing combos within most large bands. The rhythm section would typically include piano, string bass, drum set, with occasional additions of guitar or other chordal/melody instruments. The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. During the 1960s and '70s, Sun Ra and his Arketstra took big bands further out. Many arrangements contain an interlude, often similar in content to the introduction, inserted between some or all choruses. clip on the basic jazz rhythm section. Boyd Raeburn drew from symphony orchestras by adding flute, French horn, strings, and timpani to his band. "Hot" Jazz, as improvised over standard blues patterns. Many swing-era compositions were written by professional songwriters employed by song publishing companies. Count Basie's saxophone section included. Jazz began in New Orleans in the Perhaps it started with the habanera in Mortons early compositions, and in the bridge of W. C. Handys St. Fueled by the non-stop nightlife under political boss Tom Pendergast, Kansas City jam sessions went on well beyond sunrise, fostering a highly competitive atmosphere and a unique music culture, attracting many bands from the Southwest known as territory bands, such as Bennie Motens orchestra and the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. One of the most common forms used in jazz Bridging the gap to white audiences in the mid-1930s was the Casa Loma Orchestra and Benny Goodman's early band. serene style of "cool jazz" became the rage on the west coast. Holiday crossed musical genres, singing jazz, blues, and pop while keeping her individual singing style. The "Modern Popular Music" chart below, Click Jazz elements into his famous musical, The following sentences describe the life of the author Isabel Allende. Henderson and arranger Don Redman followed the template of King Oliver, but as the 1920s progressed they moved away from the New Orleans format and transformed jazz. rock . 1560 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<10C156E632F2BA46ADA9AD0651C7900F><95985AC68A5B3B44A7FED2E54018B539>]/Index[1554 17]/Info 1553 0 R/Length 52/Prev 145355/Root 1555 0 R/Size 1571/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream California. The music of Count Basie (19041984) represents a leading voice in the big band style. singing" (in which he sings like an instrument on scat The popularity of their bands in the mainstream reveals the extent to which jazz and blues had become the most popular dance music of the 1930s and 1940s. The History of Jazz. . Big bands maintained a presence on American television, particularly through the late-night talk show, which has historically used big bands as house accompaniment. and the Lincoln Center Jazz Then circle the object of the preposition. Steve Zegree; sax: Trent Kynaston; bass: Tom Knific; drums: Tim Froncek). orchestral jazz crossover movement that had an enormous impact on getting white during the World War II years. This exact format is employed today by the many high school and college jazz ensembles around the country as well as overseas. emerged as piano was added to the rhythm section, and a stronger driving rhythm The Timeline of African American Music has been made possible in part by a major grant from theNational Endowment for the Humanities: Democracy demands wisdom. Jazz is America's The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the . Keyboards are some of the most versatile instruments out there. Although Air blown into the tube of the saxophone reverberates as it hits the brass tubing. - black jazz musicians developed an. In the 1970s, popular fusion groups included BLOOD, SWEAT & TEARS, CHICAGO, and SANTANA clip on the basic jazz rhythm section), - Bass The International Sweethearts of Rhythm, the first multiethnic all-female swing band, formed in 1937 at Piney Woods County Life School, Mississippi. For example, Tommy Dorsey played with a beautiful tone and control on the trombone. here to see a YouTube video on "swing" groove vs. other types of Traveling conditions and lodging were difficult, in part due to segregation in most parts of the United States, and the personnel often had to perform having had little sleep and food. Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and trombones The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. The 194244 musicians' strike worsened the situation. Figure 1: The Western Jazz Quartet (piano: Dance bands had made phonograph records since the days of ragtime. DoZjyk]Z^0])*6`pje?NG.s#n1[Mgv,3/W5k'(?_pq,JZ7jaF:m(YTm7RhoQ>luNRjY%- I) : The rhythmic phenomenon of "swing" feeling is It is usually played by big band ensembles that use a rhythm section with drums, bass, sometimes a guitar, and almost always a piano, a brass section of trumpets and trombones, and a reed section of saxophones and clarinets. Swing is sandwiched between two huge historical events. Click here for a FREE preview of The Classic Swing Bands newest CD Ballroom Dance Favorites.. ELLINGTON and William "Count" The most prominent features of big band swing were the use of written arrangements and improvised solos, repetitive horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie type bass lines. As jazz was expanded during the 1950s through the 1970s, the Basie and Ellington bands were still around, as were bands led by Buddy Rich, Gene Krupa, Lionel Hampton, Earl Hines, Les Brown, Clark Terry, and Doc Severinsen. Yes drums are like the Roux or Fil in Gumbo. How relevant do you believe the poem is today? Trumpets provide a brash buzzing sound thats well suited for a melody. A ballad is a simple song, usually romantic in nature, and uses the same melody for each stanza. This type of music flourished through the early 1930s, although there was little mass audience for it until around 1936. The Great Depression, which started with the stock market crash in 1929, and WWII which ended in 1945. highly-improvisatory new style of jazz called "Bebop" was developed This expansive eclecticism characterized much of jazz after World War II. A cheap & cheerful collection of up-tempo sax, trumpet and trombone funky licks featuring over 350 ensemble phrases, solos, trills and stabs for house, disco, electro-swing and quirky big-band-infused electronica. The composer writes original music that will be performed by individuals or groups of various sizes, while the arranger adapts the work of composers in a creative way for a performance or recording. Her version of the nursery rhyme A-Tisket, A-Tasket (1938) brought her international fame. Many musical styles contributed to its birth. has complex syncopated polyrhythms, (3) expressive "blue" (bent harmony, structure and instrumentation. Southwest bands offered a different solution to big band improvisational structures. Duke Ellington wrote a song in 1931 titled It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing), and for a generation of music lovers those were words to live by. Thats intentional; the individual style of each swing band is what makes the music unique, much as the seasoning used in a particular Gumbo can make it one of a kind. The Most swing was performed by Big Bands, which were literally big bands, divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section consisting mostly of drums, bass, guitar, and piano. Four trombones comprised the trombone section. While bassists can use a bow to vibrate the strings, swing band bassists will frequently pluck the strings instead. Sometimes bandstands were too small, public address systems inadequate, pianos out of tune. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. The saxophone section included two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, and one baritone saxophone. often feature virtuoso performers, on Along with clarinetist Goodman, this band included three trumpets, two trombones, four saxophones, and a four-man rhythm section with guitar and string bass instead of the heavier-sounding banjo and tuba of earlier bands. jazz-fusion (combining elements of jazz and rock musics). The Double Bass is shaped like other string instruments such as the guitar or violin. And they played a particular type of Swing in Kansas City known as: Kansas City Jazz. In the mid-1930s and early 1940s, (London: Paladin) 1987. By the late 1930s, prosperity was returning, and records and radio were extremely helpful in publicizing jazz. The repertoire of swing bands featured both jazz and popular arrangements. Instead of just embellishing the melody, he created a whole new melody based on the songs harmony by arpeggiating the chords and adding further chord alterations and substitutions to make his solo more complex. Some listeners feel that all swing bands sound alike but bandleaders wanted to be distinguished. Phil Spitalny, a native of Ukraine, led a 22-piece female orchestra known as Phil Spitalny and His Hour of Charm Orchestra, named for his radio show, The Hour of Charm, during the 1930s and 1940s. Since the 1920s, Jazz The first chorus of an arrangement introduces the melody and is followed by choruses of development. Fletchers [Henderson] band had the same elements; so did Benny Motens back in 1932, when Basie played with him., Every week they would feature a guest band at the Savoy Ballroom. In the fifties, the emergence of rock-and-roll would capture broad attention as jazz moved in new artistic directions. The latter included blues, ballads, novelty songs, and Broadway tunes. This intermingling of sections became a defining characteristic of big bands. She arranged music for dozens of leading swing bands including those of Duke Ellington, Dizzy Gillespie, and Benny Goodman. The swing style developed in the 1930s and continued to be popular throughout the 1940s and beyond as a distinctive genre. to jazz, While the trumpet is commonly featured in a swing band, a saxophone is also often used to enhance melodies. Congress repealed the Volstead Act, a law that prohibited the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages, in 1933. Ra's eclectic music was played by a roster of musicians from ten to thirty and was presented as theater, with costumes, dancers, and special effects.[1]. - trombones The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. early style of "Hot Jazz" made its way north to Chicago and east to He toured in many parts of the world and was also commissioned to record classical compositions. [21] Bandleaders are typically performers who assemble musicians to form an ensemble of various sizes, select or create material for them, shape the musics dynamics, phrasing, and expression in rehearsals, and lead the group in performance often while playing alongside them. Swing was hugely popular in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. piece several times, but the most famous is from 1942, with the following [3] They incorporated elements of Broadway, Tin Pan Alley, ragtime, and vaudeville. Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. Foremost, they accentuated the movement of choreographed dancers. 6 Steps to Big Band Writing with Steven Feifke. Many bands toured the country in grueling one-night stands. Figure 2: Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis The rhythm section of the Benny Goodman Trio and Quartet excluded which instrument? But there were a few instrumental popular hits, such as Count Basie's "One O'Clock Jump" and Miller's "In the Mood." 3. [33] During the 1930s, Count Basie's band often used head arrangements, as Basie said, "we just sort of start it off and the others fall in. A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. performing at the same time. African American theaters and night clubs, the Apollo, the Savoy, and the Lafayette, became legendary for presenting jazz combos and orchestras. The trumpeter blows on the mouthpiece at one end of the trumpet with closed lips, and the sound wave reverberates through the tube until it exits out the widened far end of the instrument. As a result of the military draft and transportation hardships in the U.S., the swing era ended quickly. Led by an African American woman, this 16-member band gained notoriety across the United States and in Europe, despite the challenge of imposed racial and gender restrictions. Packed with Ph.D.s, this scientific swing band performs a play list that leans heavily toward the heavens. the 1930s, famed jazz pianists Edward "Duke" They used their voices as instruments to demonstrate their command of scat singing. the following instruments: In 1925, bandleader Paul Whiteman Hendersons arrangements used tighter harmonic control, less emphasis on improvisation, and a controlled use of polyphony. John Coltrane's "hard bop" of With the exception of Jelly Roll Morton, who continued playing in the New Orleans style, bandleaders paid attention to the demand for dance music and created their own big bands. 1U^ p(s XA@H:@!+H30q:pYL4#9 S leaders in America. Duke Ellington's . From have emerged: "Free jazz" (a "random" loosely-structured trumpeter Miles DAVIS, and baritone !/$v}5cliH_+B9W#PBY]C ::B) In a big band jazz group, at least three trumpets, two trombones, four or more saxophones, and a rhythm section of piano, guitar, bass, and drums are combined with a vocal element. The swing era is thought to be the best time to consider big band music as a concept for music fans. exemplifies many of the most innovative aspects of this new jazz style: (1) It Fish, Scott K. Duke Ellington vs Chick Webb: We Tore Them Up, Man. March 1, 2016. https://scottkfish.com/2016/03/01/5221/. In 1925, bandleader Paul Whiteman "Swing" feeling: The rhythmic phenomenon of "swing" feeling is American society, while standing as a brilliant reflection of American freedom Lead players (alto sax 1, trombone 1 and trumpet 1) should be in the middle of their sections, in a direct line with one another.

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